growth industry

negative growth マイナス成長

reach (one's) full growth 十分に成長する

the growth of a child 子供の成長

stunt the growth of a plant 植物の生長を止める.

●十分成長する attain one's [its] full growth; complete one's [its] growth

・人間的に成長する develop [mature] as a person

・役者として成長する develop [mature] as an actor

・成長するに従って as one grows older

・成長して大人になる grow into a man [woman]; grow up to be a man [woman]; grow into [to] manhood [womanhood]; grow to maturity

・10 年後彼も立派な青年に成長していた. Ten years later he had grown into a fine young man.

・オタマジャクシは成長してカエルになる. A tadpole grows up to be a frog.

・校庭のメタセコイアは 10 メートルほどに成長した. The metasequoia in the school garden grew to ten meters in height.

・滝のつららはこの寒さでどんどん成長し続けている. It's so cold that the icicles on the waterfall are getting longer and longer.

・成長した grown-up; full-grown; matured; adult

・たくましく成長した息子 my son, now grown big and strong

・この種の竹は, 若芽は食用に, 成長した幹は細工物に使われる. The young shoots of this species of bamboo are eaten, and the mature trunk is used for handicrafts.

●身体[骨]の成長 body [bone] growth

・心の成長 emotional growth [development]

・イネの成長 the growth [development] of a rice plant

・赤ちゃんの成長 a baby's growth [development].

●成長が早い grow quickly [rapidly]

・子供は成長が早い. Children grow up rapidly.

・成長が遅い grow slowly; be of tardy growth

・成長が止まる stop growing.

●子供の成長に合った大きさの道具を選びなさい. Choose an instrument that is the right size for your child's stage of development.

●成長の跡 traces of growth; developmental traces

・成長の速さ speed of growth [development]

・子供の成長の遅れが気がかりです. I'm worried that my son isn't growing fast enough [about my son's slow development].

●成長を促す promote [stimulate] the growth 《of…》

・成長を早める accelerate [hasten] the growth 《of…》

・成長を助ける foster [help] the growth 《of…》

・成長を妨げる check [hinder, hamper] the growth 《of…》

・成長を抑制する hold back [hamper] growth

・成長を止める stunt [arrest] the growth 《of…》

・成長を見守る (lovingly) watch 《a child》 grow; keep an attentive eye on the growth of….

●その会社はこの 10 年で国内シェアの半分を占めるまでに成長した. That company has grown so fast in the last ten years that it now accounts for half the domestic share.

●成長が著しい企業 a company that has grown spectacularly [whose growth has been spectacular]

・今後の成長が見込まれる産業 an industry that promises growth

・日本経済の成長が鈍ってきた. Japanese economic growth has lost its shine.

●1 年間に 3 パーセントの成長を遂げる achieve 3% growth in one year

・このグラフはハイテク産業の成長ぶりを示している. This chart indicates how fast high-tech industries are growing [the robust growth in high-tech industries].

●子供の成長記録 a record of a child's growth.

●大型成長経済 〔大規模〕 a large and growing economy; 〔高成長〕 a super-high growth economy.

●年次経済成長目標 an annual economic growth target.

●一次性徴の発現 (a) manifestation [(an) expression] of a primary sexual characteristic.

●清聴を賜る receive courteous attention 《from sb》

・ご清聴を感謝いたします. Thank you for your (kind) attention. | Thank you (very much).

●ご静聴ありがとうございました. Thank you for listening so quietly and attentively. | Thank you (very much).

・ご静聴願います. Your attention, please. | May I have your attention, please. | I'd be grateful if you would be kind enough to listen quietly and attentively (to what I have to say).

●整調を漕ぐ, 整調になる pull [row] stroke.

negative growth マイナス成長

reach (one's) full growth 十分に成長する

the growth of a child 子供の成長

stunt the growth of a plant 植物の生長を止める.

●十分成長する attain one's [its] full growth; complete one's [its] growth

・人間的に成長する develop [mature] as a person

・役者として成長する develop [mature] as an actor

・成長するに従って as one grows older

・成長して大人になる grow into a man [woman]; grow up to be a man [woman]; grow into [to] manhood [womanhood]; grow to maturity

・10 年後彼も立派な青年に成長していた. Ten years later he had grown into a fine young man.

・オタマジャクシは成長してカエルになる. A tadpole grows up to be a frog.

・校庭のメタセコイアは 10 メートルほどに成長した. The metasequoia in the school garden grew to ten meters in height.

・滝のつららはこの寒さでどんどん成長し続けている. It's so cold that the icicles on the waterfall are getting longer and longer.

・成長した grown-up; full-grown; matured; adult

・たくましく成長した息子 my son, now grown big and strong

・この種の竹は, 若芽は食用に, 成長した幹は細工物に使われる. The young shoots of this species of bamboo are eaten, and the mature trunk is used for handicrafts.

●身体[骨]の成長 body [bone] growth

・心の成長 emotional growth [development]

・イネの成長 the growth [development] of a rice plant

・赤ちゃんの成長 a baby's growth [development].

●成長が早い grow quickly [rapidly]

・子供は成長が早い. Children grow up rapidly.

・成長が遅い grow slowly; be of tardy growth

・成長が止まる stop growing.

●子供の成長に合った大きさの道具を選びなさい. Choose an instrument that is the right size for your child's stage of development.

●成長の跡 traces of growth; developmental traces

・成長の速さ speed of growth [development]

・子供の成長の遅れが気がかりです. I'm worried that my son isn't growing fast enough [about my son's slow development].

●成長を促す promote [stimulate] the growth 《of…》

・成長を早める accelerate [hasten] the growth 《of…》

・成長を助ける foster [help] the growth 《of…》

・成長を妨げる check [hinder, hamper] the growth 《of…》

・成長を抑制する hold back [hamper] growth

・成長を止める stunt [arrest] the growth 《of…》

・成長を見守る (lovingly) watch 《a child》 grow; keep an attentive eye on the growth of….

●その会社はこの 10 年で国内シェアの半分を占めるまでに成長した. That company has grown so fast in the last ten years that it now accounts for half the domestic share.

●成長が著しい企業 a company that has grown spectacularly [whose growth has been spectacular]

・今後の成長が見込まれる産業 an industry that promises growth

・日本経済の成長が鈍ってきた. Japanese economic growth has lost its shine.

●1 年間に 3 パーセントの成長を遂げる achieve 3% growth in one year

・このグラフはハイテク産業の成長ぶりを示している. This chart indicates how fast high-tech industries are growing [the robust growth in high-tech industries].

●子供の成長記録 a record of a child's growth.

●大型成長経済 〔大規模〕 a large and growing economy; 〔高成長〕 a super-high growth economy.

●年次経済成長目標 an annual economic growth target.

broadly known あまねく知られた

●あまねく探す make a thorough [wide] search; comb.

●彼は自動車産業を育て上げたことであまねく世界に知られている. He is known throughout the world for having promoted [due to the fact that he has promoted] the growth of the automobile industry.

・この建築方法はあまねく全国に普及している. This construction method has spread widely throughout the whole country.

land development 土地開発

Japan Development Bank 日本開発銀行

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 経済協力開発機構(〖略〗OECD)

●持続可能な開発 sustainable development

・未開地域の開発 development of backward regions

・大規模な開発 large-scale development

・むちゃな開発 insane [crazy] development [exploitation].

●その地域は開発が進んでいる[遅れている]. The area is being developed [is behind in development].

●ゴルフ場開発にからむ汚職事件 a golf-course development corruption scandal [case].

●そののどかな村に開発の波が押し寄せた. The quiet village was overwhelmed by growth and development. | A wave of development swept over the peaceful village.

●開発を規制する control [regulate] development.

●野球場建設予定地で遺跡が発見され, 開発か保存かでもめている. Archeological remains were discovered on the site of the proposed baseball stadium, and there is controversy about whether to develop or to preserve the site.

●新製品を開発する develop a new product

・新しく開発した工程[技術] a newly-developed process [technique, technology].

●開発中である be being developed; be under [undergoing, in the course] development.

●新薬の開発に携わる[取り組む] take part in [tackle] developing [the development of] new medicines [drugs].

●能力を開発する develop one's [ sb's] abilities.

●開発許可制度 a development permit system.

explore Mars and Venus 火星や金星を探検する.

●火星中心の areocentric.

●火星の大気 the Martian atmosphere; the atmosphere of [on, around] Mars.

●火勢が強い furiously flaming

・火勢が強まった[増した]. The fire [flames] grew stronger [increased in intensity, gained headway].

・火勢が衰えた[弱まった]. The fire [flames] abated. | The fire went down.

●火勢を弱める damp down.

●弱い方に加勢する take sides with [stand by] the weaker

・だれかに加勢してもらわないとこれ(＝仕事)は明日までに終わらないな. Unless I get someone to help me [someone comes to my aid], I won't be able to get this done by tomorrow.

●加勢に行く[来る] go [come] to sb's assistance.

●加勢を求める go to sb for help; request [seek] sb's assistance

・加勢を受ける receive reinforcements.

●苛政に苦しむ suffer [groan] under tyranny.

volume six of the encyclopedia 百科事典の第6巻

selected works in 5 volumes 全5巻の著作選集

a feeling of fullness after eating 食後の満腹感

a feeling of contentment induced by good food おいしい食べ物による満足感

a feeling of pressure in one's chest 胸の圧迫感.

▲His satisfaction was even greater now. 彼の充足感は今やいやが上にも大きくなった

I have derived， from the mere fact of his existence， a great sense of inward security. 私は彼がただいるということだけで大きな精神的安心感を得た

from a sense of guilt ［duty］ 罪悪［義務］感から.

a survey on the international feelings about the Japanese 国際的な日本人観に関する調査

one's view of life 人生観.

the main line between Tokyo and Osaka 東京・大阪間の本線

redress the trade balance between two nations 2国間の貿易均衡を取り戻す.

an agreement among ［between］ the three nations 3国間の協定《◆ between では個々の国を頭に置いた表現》.

▲a bilateral treaty 2国間条約

class distinctions 階級間の差異

interurban bus lines 都市間バス網

a multilateral treaty 多国間条約

lessen ［reduce］ international tension(s) 国際間の緊張を緩和する

a transpacific ally 太平洋間同盟.

play one's hunch 勘で行動する

▲a lucky guess 勘の的中

The reporter has a good nose for news. その記者にはニュースをかぎつける鋭い勘がある

He'll win， I reckon. 彼が勝つよ， 勘だけどね

a milk can ミルクかん

two cans of beer かんビール2本

He opened the can labeled “Bait. ” 彼は「餌」のラベルが貼ってあるかんを開けた

●近日刊. To be published soon. | Forthcoming.

・奥付を見ると初版は 1945 年刊となっている. According to the colophon, the first edition was published in 1945.

●君側の奸を除く ⇒ くんそく.

●紅茶 1缶 a canister of (black) tea

・粉ミルクの缶 a can [《英》 tin] of powdered milk

・桃缶 canned [《英》 tinned] peaches

・空き缶 ⇒ あきかん.

●缶に詰める pack sth into a can [《英》 tin]

・缶に入れておく keep sth in a can [《英》 tin].

●缶をあける open a can [《英》 tin]

・ジュースの空き缶を握りつぶす squeeze an empty can of juice in one's hand.

●〔映画や小説の最後で〕 完. The End.

・〔求人広告で〕 社保完. Full social insurance provided.

●事業は官主導で進められ, 住民の意思は十分反映されなかった. The project was carried out under the auspices of the authorities and did not sufficiently reflect the desires of the residents.

●官に就く enter government [the public] service

・官に就いている hold a government post [office]; be in government [the public] service.

●官を辞する leave [resign from] (the) government [the public] service.

●冠たる the first; the best; the foremost; leading; matchless; peerless

・世界に冠たる日本の自動車産業 the Japanese automobile industry, which surpasses all others in the world.

●第 1巻 〔本の〕 the first volume; vol. 1; book 1; 〔映画の〕 reel 1

・〔本の〕 3巻本 a three-volume book

・〔映画の〕 5巻物 a five-reel picture [film]; a five-reeler.

●数巻にわたる大作 a monumental multivolume work.

●全 10巻の辞典 a dictionary in ten volumes.

●巻を追うごとに物語は迫真の度を増した. With every volume the tale became more and more true to life.

・巻を措くあたわず unable to put the book down.

●ニュース性のある事件をかぎつける鋭い勘 a keen nose for sniffing out newsworthy events

・年寄りの勘 an elderly person's intuition

・女の勘 a woman's intuition

・実戦[試合]の勘 game-level instinct.

●勘がいい[悪い] quick [slow] to pick up [learn, grasp, catch on]

・勘が鋭い[鈍い] extremely perceptive [imperceptive]; have a good [bad] nose 《for…》

・バイオリンを始めて半年とは思えない. あの子は勘がいいね. It's hard to believe she started violin lessons only half a year ago. She's got a really good musical sense [feel for music].

・ジャーナリストとしての勘が鋭い have a journalist's good nose [instinct] 《for a story》

・これは商売になるという勘が働いた. I had a feeling [hunch] this would make money.

・君はこういうことには妙に勘がいいね. You've got an eerie instinct [nose] for things like this.

・勘が狂う 《when》 one's intuition goes amiss [astray]

・勘がさえる 《when》 one's wits are sharp [intuition is in high gear]

・勘が当たる 《when》 one's hunch proves right; 《when》 one's intuition turns out to be true.

●磁気嵐の中, 勘で船を進める羽目になった. During the magnetic storm I ended up having to steer the ship by feel [intuition].

・長年の勘でいちいち目で見なくても仕事ができる. He can do the work without looking at everything he does, thanks to an instinct [a feel] acquired over many years.

・勘で適当に答えたら合っていた. I gave what I had a hunch was the answer, and it was right.

●勘に頼る rely on intuition [ one's sixth sense, a hunch]

・こう視界が悪くては勘に頼るしかない. When visibility is as poor as this, all I can do is rely on intuition [rely on instinct, 《口》 go by the seat of my pants].

●勘を働かせる use one's intuition [instinct]

・勘を研ぎすませる hone [sharpen] one's intuition.

●「何でわかったの?」「勘だよ」 “How did you know?”―“Intuition [I had a hunch, I had a feeling].”

・この味つけは勘だけが頼りで, 口では説明できない. For this seasoning I rely only on instinct; I can't explain it in words.

・これは私の勘だが, この事件には何か裏があるようだ. This is only an intuition of mine, but it seems to me there's more to this case than meets the eye.

●寒があけた. The coldest period [time] of the year is over.

●寒の入り[あけ] the beginning [end] of midwinter [the coldest period of the year]

・今日から寒の入りだ. Midwinter begins [sets in] today.

・寒の戻り a temporary return of bitter cold weather; a return to midwinter cold.

●棺を蓋いて事定まる. Achievements are assessed after the lid is on the coffin. | A person's worth is assessed only when the body is laid to rest.

●各部中においてはこれを款･項･目に区分する. 【法】 Each part shall be divided into titles, items, and subitems.

●敵に款を通ず communicate with the enemy; make secret overtures to the enemy; collude with the enemy.

●稈を生じる culmiferous.

●忙中閑あり ⇒ ぼうちゅう¹.

●10 年間 for (the space [period] of) ten years

・この 1 か月[1 週, 1 年]間 the past month [week, year]

・5 日間降り続いた雨 rain that fell for five days.

●3 日間で仕上げるなんて無理だ. It's impossible to finish it in three days.

●計画は遅れに遅れ, その間に赤字は膨れ上がった. The project fell further and further behind, and during that interval the deficit swelled.

・17 年間に in a span [the space] of 17 years

・過去 20 年間に during [《米》 in] the past twenty years.

●5 分間の休憩 a five-minute recess [break, breather]

・3 か月間の闘病生活 a three-month struggle against illness

・1 週間のキャンプ旅行 a week-long camping trip

・この間の事情をご説明申しあげます. I shall explain what happened during this interval.

●感染者数は 2,000 人にのぼったが, その間政府は何ら実効性のある手を打たずに来た. The number of those infected has risen to two thousand, but during that period the government has taken no effective steps whatsoever.

・展覧会は明日から 10 日間開かれる. The exhibition will be held for ten days beginning tomorrow.

●豪雨で名古屋大垣間が一時不通となった. Because of the heavy rain train services between Nagoya (Station) and Ōgaki (Station) have been temporarily halted [discontinued].

●彼の訃報に接し友人間に衝撃が走った. A shock ran through his friends at (the) news of his death.

・夫婦間に亀裂が入った. A rift appeared between the husband and wife.

●両国間の緊張 tension between the two countries

・東京横浜間の主な駅 the main stations between Tokyo (Station) and Yokohama (Station)

・業者間の競争が激化している. Competition among the traders [dealers] is intensifying.

●間髪をいれずにやりかえす whip out a tit for tat

・演説が終わると間髪をいれず記者たちから質問が飛んだ. No sooner was the speech over than questions came flying from the reporters.

●この金はどうも口封じの感がある. I have a feeling this money is to silence me.

・現段階での立法化には時期尚早の感がある. I have a feeling that putting it into law at this stage is premature.

・いまだしの感がある. I have the impression there is still room for improvement.

・彼は陶芸作家として成長のあとが著しいが, 一本立ちするにはいまだしの感がある. He shows conspicuous signs of growth as a potter [ceramicist, ceramist], but he still has some way to go before becoming independent.

・政府の謝罪には遅すぎたとの感がぬぐえない. I cannot dispel the feeling that it is already too late for an apology from the government.

●感に堪える ＝～に堪えない

・感に堪えない be deeply moved

・感に堪えない様子で showing signs of deep [profound, uncontrollable] emotion.

●(人に)…の感を与える strike [impress] sb as…; give sb an impression of…

・失意に沈んでいるはずの彼の笑顔は私に奇異の感を与えた. It struck me as strange [odd, queer] that he looked cheerful when he was supposed to be sunk in despair.

・彼の逝去に接し巨星墜つの感を深くした. When I received word of his death, I had this gut feeling that a shining light had been extinguished.

●感きわまって泣きだした. Overcome with emotion, she broke into tears.

・感きわまって声も出なかった. She was so filled with emotion she couldn't speak.

●1管の笛 one flute.

●燗ができたか. Isn't the sake heated yet?

・燗がぬるいよ, つけ直してくれ. This sake's barely warm, could you heat it again?

・燗がさめた. The sake has cooled off.

●燗をする[つける] warm up 《sake》 in a bottle; heat 《sake》

・燗をして出す[飲む] serve [drink] sake hot [warm].

●歓を尽くす enjoy oneself to the full [ one's heart's content]; have a (jolly) good time

・人世の歓を尽くす enjoy all the amenities [pleasures] of life; enjoy life to the full

・一夜の歓を尽くす enjoy a night of merrymaking; make a night of it.

●〔博覧会の〕 日本館 the Japanese Pavilion.

●当館はバリアフリーを目指しています. This building aims at being barrier-free.

●癇が強い 〔怒りっぽい〕 irritable; irascible; peevish; testy; touchy; hot-tempered; gingery; high-spirited; 〔神経質な〕 nervous; sensitive; 《米》 jittery

・癇がたかぶる become highly wrought up; become very fretful [peevish]; become very nervous.

●癇にさわる 〈事･相手が主語〉 rub sb the wrong way [against the grain]; irritate sb; 《米》 get on sb's nerves; 〈 本人が主語〉 be irritated 《by…》; be offended; 《米》 get on one's nerves

・私の言う事なす事が母の癇にさわるらしい. It seems anything I say and anything I do irritates my mother [《米》 gets on my mother's nerves].

●癇の虫 a fit of fretfulness [peevishness, bad temper]

・癇の強い馬 a high-spirited horse; a fiery steed

・癇の強い子 a peevish [fretful] child.

●簡にして要を得た 《something》 brief and to the point.

●言は簡を尊ぶ. Brevity is the soul of wit. <▲> Shakespeare, Hamlet 2.2.90 より.

●…の観がある appear 《to be》; look like…; seem 《to be…, that…》

・彼は今では別人の観がある. He looks quite another man [different from what he was].

●街全体が一大公園の観を呈している. The whole town presents the appearance of one large park.

●女性観 a view of women

・世界観 an outlook on the world; a worldview; a view of the world; 〖G〗 【哲】 a Weltanschauung 《pl. ～s, - ungen》.

●艦を捨てる abandon a warship.

●正義漢 ⇒ せいぎ¹.

commerce and industry 商工業

domestic industry 家内工業

heavy ［light］ industry 重［軽］工業.

There are two performances on Saturday. 土曜日には2回興行がある

The first house starts at 10 o'clock. 第1回興行は10時に始まる

an all-night show 終夜興行.

▲a long run 長期興行.

●工業用の ⇒ こうぎょうよう.

●この発明の結果新しい工業が興った. As a result of this invention a new industry sprang up.

・ロシアは中国よりも工業が発達している. Russia is ahead of China in industrial growth.

●工業の industrial; technical; technological; manufacturing

・工業の中心地 a manufacturing [an industrial] center

・工業の発展を促進する spur [stimulate] 《a country's》 industrial growth.

●工業を盛んにする promote industry

・彼らは工業を基礎として国家を再建する必要に迫られた. They were forced by necessity to reconstruct their country on an industrial basis.

●工業生産高 industrial output.

●科学上の功業 a scientific achievement

・近代科学の功業 the triumphs of modern science.

●地方を回って興行している 《米》 be on the road

・その芝居は 30 日間連続興行された. The play had a run of thirty days. | The play has had a thirty-day run.

●一夜だけの興行 a one-night stand.

●1 日 2 回興行だ. There are two performances a day. | They give two shows a day.

●興行化する adapt 《a story》 for performance [the stage]; 【劇】 put on a stage; stage 《a play》; 【映】 film [screen] 《a story》.

●これまでで最も長いブロードウェーの興行記録 the longest run in Broadway show history.

●その映画は興行的には失敗だった. The film wasn't a success at the box office.

●維新の鴻業を大成する carry out the great work of the Restoration.

stellar magnitudes 星の光度

fly at an altitude of 10， 000 meters 高度1万メートルで飛行をする

at a height of 6， 000 feet 6000フィートの高度で

at an elevation of 1， 000 meters ＝at 1， 000 meters in elevation 高度1000メートルで.

▲fly at zero 〔航空〕ゼロ高度(＝500フィート以下の高度)で飛行する.

●星の光度 the magnitude [brightness] of a star; a stellar magnitude.

●(土地が)荒土と化す become barren; lose 《its》 fertility; become a wasteland.

●5,000 メートルの高度を飛ぶ fly at an altitude [a height] of 5,000 meters

・(飛行機が)高度を上げる increase [raise] 《its》 altitude; fly higher; rise; go up 《to 10,000 meters》

・(飛行機が)高度を下げる reduce [lower] 《its》 altitude; fly lower; descend; go down 《to 1,000 meters》

・高度を保つ maintain altitude

・高度を測る measure (an) altitude [(a) height].

●その飛行機の高度はどのくらいでしたか. What altitude was the plane flying at? | How high was the plane (flying)?

●高度に to a high degree

・高度に機械化した農業 highly mechanized agriculture

・高度に政治的な問題 a highly political problem.

●高度の strong; powerful; high-power; high-degree; high-grade; intense; extreme; 〔進んだ〕 advanced; highly developed; the latest 《technology, method, treatment》

・高度の性能 high performance

・高度の意識障害 a severe consciousness disorder; (a) coma; a severely altered [an extreme alteration in the] level of consciousness; stupor

・高度の文明 a high level [standard] of civilization; a highly developed civilization; (an) advanced civilization

・高度の文化 a highly developed culture; (a) high culture

・高度の専門性 extreme [a high degree of] specialization

・高度の熟練 a high degree of experience [proficiency, skill]; skill of a high order

・それには最高度の精密作業が必要である. It requires precision work of the highest order [caliber].

●高度化する improve; develop; advance; intensify; increase in strength [intensity].

●高度技術産業 a high-technology [high-tech] industry.

●高度経済成長期 a period of high [rapid] economic growth.

●高度情報通信システム an integrated services digital network (略: ISDN); 〔NTT のシステム〕 an [the] Information Network System.

●高度制御装置 an altitude control system.

the center of much industry 多くの産業の中心地

an appliance industry 電気器具産業

encourage home industries 国内の産業を奨励する

the importance of salt to industry 産業に対する塩の重要性

The energy crisis shook the foundations of industry. エネルギー危機が産業を根底からゆさぶった

the auto industry slump 自動車産業の落ち込み.

●その地域では明治以降急速に各種の産業が興った. In that region all kinds of industries rapidly came into being from Meiji times on.

・この地方は産業が盛ん[不振]である. In this part of the country industry is thriving [in recession].

・地元の産業が衰えると自治体の税収が減る. When local industries decline, self-governing bodies receive less tax revenue.

●産業の発達 industrial development

・産業の合理化 the rationalization of industry

・産業の空洞化 the hollowing out of industry; deindustrialization.

●新しい産業を興す start up [promote] a new industry

・科学技術関連産業を強化する strengthen science-and-technology-related industry.

●ここはこれといった産業もなく, 観光で成り立っている島です. This place has no particular industry, it's an island living on tourism.

●産業安全研究所 the Industrial Safety Institute.

●産業スパイ行為 corporate spying.

●産業投資特別会計 an industrial investment special account.

●産業廃棄物汚染 industrial waste pollution

・産業廃棄物処理場 an industrial waste processing facility.

●産業分類番号 an industrial classification code.

the dawn of the space age 宇宙時代の始まり

Many superstitions still subsist in our scientific age. 科学の時代においても多くの迷信が残っている.

the colonial period 植民地時代

Japan closed its door to Westerners in the Edo period. 江戸時代の日本人は西洋人に対して門戸を閉ざしていた.

the Elizabethan ［Meiji］ era エリザベス朝［明治］時代

the birth of a new era 新時代の始まり

on ［at］ the threshold of an era of peace 平和な時代の始まりに.

The theory made ［marked， formed］ an epoch in physics. その理論は物理学に新時代を開いた.

The good old days are over. 古きよき時代は終った

think about one's childhood days 子供時代のことを思い出す.

in the time(s) of Shakespeare ＝in Shakespeare's time(s) シェイクスピアの時代に.

▲She was contemporary with Milton. 彼女はミルトンと同時代の人だった

during the administration of President Reagan レーガン大統領の時代に

The dawn is breaking. 夜が明けようとしている；新しい時代が来ようとしている

the good old ways ふるきよき時代の風習

(in) the years of the Romans ローマ時代に

golden years 全盛時代；［遠回しに］ 老齢期

one's maidenly years 少女時代

prosperous years 繁栄の時代.

be ahead of the times 時代に先んじている

behind the times 時代に遅れて

an idea in advance of the time 時代を先取りした考え

keep up with the times 時代［時勢］に遅れないでいる.

▲a child of the age 時代の申し子.

●わずかの地代で at a small [moderate] rental

・地代で生活する live on revenue from land.

●地代の高い[安い] high-[low-]rent(al).

●地代を上げる raise ground rents

・地代を取り立てる collect [exact] ground rents

・地代を払う pay the rent (on one's land); pay a ground rent.

●次代に伝える pass [hand] sth on to the next generation.

●次代の青年 coming young men (and women); the rising generation.

●日本の次代を担う若者 the rising generation, who will bear the destinies of Japan on their shoulders.

●古きよき時代 the good old days.

●時代が上がる[下がる]につれて as one goes back [forward] in time; earlier [later] in the period [history]

・私も厭世的になった時代がある. I grew pessimistic myself at a certain stage [period] of my life.

・秀吉の時代が終わり徳川家康の時代が来た. The age of Hideyoshi came to a close, and the age of Tokugawa Ieyasu began.

●時代と共に進む keep pace [up] with the times

・時代と共に民衆の感情も変わる. Public sentiment changes with the times.

●インカ帝国の時代に in the time of the Inca Empire

・曾祖父の時代に in the day(s) of my great-grandfather

・狩猟･採集の時代に In the time [era, age] of hunter-gatherers

・いろいろな時代に in different periods; at different times

・過去の時代に in days gone by

・その時代にテレビはなかった. There was no television at the time [in those days].

●時代の変わり目 a historical crux; 〔大変革期〕 a period [times, a time] of great [major] change; 〔世紀の〕 《at》 the turn of the century

・時代の推移につれて as times change; with the change of the times

・それは新しい時代の幕開けにふさわしい出来事だった. It was an event which marked the start of a new age in an appropriate manner [appropriate to the start of a new period].

●…と時代を同じくする be contemporary [coeval] with 《the event》

・一時代を画する mark an era; be epoch-making; be epochal

・進化論とともにヨーロッパは新たな時代を迎えた. With the theory of evolution, Europe entered a new era.

●彼の青年時代は過ぎた. His youth has passed.

・アメリカの発見はグラナダの陥落と同時代であった. The discovery of America was contemporaneous with the fall of Granada.

・男と女の話はいつの時代も変わらない. Stories of the relations of men and women don't change over time. | Love stories are the same throughout history [in every period].

・〔思い出話をして〕 そんな時代もあったわね. That's how it was once. | We were like that, once. | There was a time when things were like that.

・イングランドの魔女裁判はアン女王の時代までも行われていた. Witch trials were held in England as late as Queen Anne's day [the time of Queen Anne].

●時代に先んじる be ahead (of the times)

・彼の考えは時代にはるか先んじている. His ideas are far ahead [in advance] of the times.

・時代に先駆けて…する do ahead of the day; be ahead of [anticipate] history and do

・時代に逆行する put back the clock; swim against the current

・時代に遅れる be behind the times; become out of date

・時代に遅れないようにする try to be abreast with [of] the times

・時代に取り残される get left behind; 《米》 《口》 be behind the curve

・時代に即応する respond immediately to the demands of the day.

●時代の寵児(_ちょうじ) a contemporary idol; a darling of the age

・時代の申し子 a child of the age

・時代の先駆者 a forerunner of the period; a person who is ahead of the times

・時代の流行 a contemporary [modern] fashion; a contemporary trend

・時代の花形産業 a contemporary blue-chip industry; an industry which leads the times

・時代の先端を行く be a contemporary leader

・時代の新傾向 a new tendency (of the times)

・時代の要求に応じる meet the needs [demands, requirements] of the times; meet [supply] contemporary needs.

●今のこの時代を生きる人間として次の世代に伝えたいこと the things I would like, as a person living now, to pass on to the next generation.

●(先行きが)不透明な時代 an unpredictable period; a period when the future is unclear

・飽食の時代 an age of gluttony [overeating]

・宇宙開発の新時代 a new period of space development

・ピカソの青[バラ色] の時代 Picasso's Blue [Rose] period

・相次ぐテロ勃発で旅行業界には冬の時代が続いている. With the succession of terrorist incidents, the travel industry has been going through a bleak period.

・21 世紀は心の時代であってほしい. I hope the twenty-first century will be a period of spiritual (rather than material) fulfillment.

●新たなテレコミュニケーションの時代が到来した[やって来た]. A new age of telecommunications has arrived.

・時代が変わった. Times have [are] changed.

・今は時代が変わっている. Things are not what they used to be.

・時代が変われば作法も変わる. Times change, and manners change with them.

・時代が人を造る. People are created by the age within which they live.

・今は昔とは時代が違う. Times are not what they were.

・彼と私とでは時代が違うから結婚なんて論外です. Marriage is out of the question; he is from a different generation [era].

●今のようなの少子化の時代に in these days of a dropping birthrate

・この男女平等の時代に男性議員ばかりの内閣は時代錯誤だ. It's an anachronism to have a cabinet consisting entirely of males in this day and age of sexual equality.

・彼らは時代に恵まれなかったのだ. The times weren't suited to them. | They were born in a bad period (of history).

・絹や木綿から化学繊維の時代になった. The days of silk and cotton have been replaced by those of chemical fibers.

・携帯電話の普及であまり公衆電話が使われない時代になった. With the spread of cell phones, the age of ubiquitous public phones has passed.

●時代の移り変わり[変遷] the vicissitudes of the day [times]

・時代の流れで仕方がない. You can't fight against the times. | We have to accept the way things are going.

・何でも時代のせいにする blame the times for everything; attribute everything wrong to the way things are

・時代の波にもまれる be swallowed up [overwhelmed] by the current of the times

・時代の波に乗らねばならない. We have to move with [keep up with] (the current of) the times. | We have to stay abreast of the world.

●人間と他の生物との共生の時代を促進する hasten the arrival of the day when humans can cohabit with other species

・その協定は国際協調の時代を早めるよりむしろ遅らせるものだ. The agreement will retard rather than advance the arrival of a period of international cooperation.

・道路行政を根本的に見直さねばならない時代を迎えた. The time has come for a basic reappraisal of road management.

・殺伐とした時代を反映する事件 an incident which reflects the bloodiness of the times

・国際化の時代を先取りした発想 a concept which is a forerunner of a period of internationalization.

●今は力の時代だ. We live in an age when power wins.

・今は地方の時代と言われる. It is said to be the age of the provinces. | It is said to be a period of decentralization.

・日本の高度経済成長の時代はとうに過ぎた. The days of Japanese high economic growth are long past.

・時代は絶対主義体制の出現を待ち望んでいた. The (mood of) the time called out for absolutist regimes. | The time was ripe for the appearance of absolutist regimes.

●時代がかる ⇒ じだいがかる.

●時代がつく age; become old; acquire [assume] a look [patina] of age; become time-honored; give sth the appearance of age.

●時代のついた aged-looking; antique(-looking); old; time-honored

・時代のついた花瓶 an antique-looking vase.

●手動で manually; under manual operation; by hand.

●(運転を)手動に切り替える change to manual operation.

●手動の manual; operated [worked] by hand; hand-operated; manually operated.

●手動制御装置 a manual control.

●(飛行機などを)手動操縦に切り替える switch to manual control.

●国内需要主導の経済成長 domestic demand-led economic growth

・内閣主導の政策決定 policies determined by Cabinet initiative.

●不買運動の主導者 the leader of [moving spirit behind] a consumer boycott.

fight for freedom of religion 信仰の自由のために戦う

live one's religion 信仰生活をおくる.

Her faith in God is unshaken. 神に対する彼女の信仰はゆるぎない

a confession of faith 信仰告白.

belief in God 神への信仰

a firm belief ［faith］ 堅い信仰.

▲his close association with the president 大統領との親交

be in good contact with him 彼と親交がある(＝have good contacts with him)

form a lasting relationship with a musician 音楽家と永続する親交を結ぶ.

in progress 進行中で

an obstruction to progress 進行の妨げ.

A fallen tree was in the way of the bus. 倒れた木がバスの進行の邪魔をしていた.

▲The new drug arrested the growth of the disease. 新しい薬がその病気の進行を抑えた.

●神を信仰する believe [have faith] in God

・仏教を信仰する profess [embrace] Buddhism [the Buddhist faith]

・イスラム教を信仰するようになる come to believe in Islam [the Islamic religion]

・それがきっかけで彼女はキリスト教を信仰するようになった. That led her to embrace Christianity. | This became an occasion for her to be converted to Christianity.

●信仰が強い[厚い] be strong [firm] in faith

・この地域は山岳信仰が強い. Belief in the spirit of the mountain is strong in this area.

・信仰がない have no faith

・信仰が弱い be weak in faith.

●信仰に殉じる be [die] a martyr for one's faith; suffer martyrdom for one's faith [beliefs; religion].

●信仰のない unbelieving; irreligious; godless

・信仰の厚い pious; devout; godly

・信仰の自由 freedom of religion [worship]; religious liberty [freedom] [＝信教の自由 ⇒しんきょう²]

・信仰の道を歩む follow the path of faith

・ブランド信仰の時代は終わった. The age of faith in brand names is over.

●信仰を実践する practice one's faith

・信仰を捨てる forsake [abjure, renounce] one's faith

・信仰を持ち続ける keep [retain] one's faith

・信仰を固める strengthen [confirm] one's (religious) faith

・信仰を深める deepen one's faith

・信仰を持たない者 a person who has no particular religious belief

・彼はまったく信仰を持たない人間だ. He is innocent of any religious devotion.

・私もあなたと信仰を同じくするものです. I share the same faith as you.

・信仰を持つ者は強い. Those who have religious belief are strong.

●彼の信仰はぐらついた. His faith was shaken.

●信仰告白者 a person who confesses a faith.

●敵の侵攻に備える prepare for the enemy's invasion.

●学術の振興 advancement of the (arts and) sciences

・地域の振興 promote local development.

●産業の振興を図る promote the development of industry.

●経済振興策 economic stimulation measures.

●深更に in the dead of (the) night; in the middle of the night.

●深更まで deep [far] into the night; until late at night; until the night is far advanced

・深更まで働く work late into the night.

●進行中の列車 《jump off》 a running [moving, speeding] train; a train in motion [under way].

●進行を妨害する impede progress

・進行を続ける 〈 船などが〉 continue in one's course.

●着々と進行している make steady [good] progress; advance steadily; make steady headway

・順調に進行している progress smoothly [according to plan]

・仕事は進行している. The work is progressing. | We are making headway on the job.

・試合が進行するにつれて我がチームの敗色が濃くなった. Defeat became surer for our team the more the game advanced.

・議事を進行させる expedite the proceedings

・予定どおり計画を進行させる proceed with the program as prearranged

・交渉はどの程度まで進行しましたか. How far have the negotiations progressed?

●進行中である be in progress; be on the move; be going on; be under way

・裁判は進行中です. The trial is proceeding.

・準備は順調に進行中です. The preparations are well advanced [under way, on their way].

●進行が早い[遅い] make rapid [slow] progress

・進行が遅れると if progress is delayed

・進行がはかばかしくない be not making much [rapid] progress

・仕事の進行がはかばかしくない. Little progress is being made with the work.

●議事の進行を続ける continue with the agenda [proceedings]

・議事の進行を妨げる hinder [impede] the proceedings.

●仕事の進行具合はいかがですか. How are you getting along with your work?

●彼女の病状はゆっくり進行した. Her disease progressed gradually.

・彼のがんは進行しています. His cancer is in an advanced stage.

●若い人の病状は進行が速いと言われる. Disease is said to progress rapidly in young people.

●がんの進行を阻止する arrest the cancer('s growth)

・結核の進行を止める stop the progress of tuberculosis

・老眼の進行を遅らせる手だてがありますか. Is there any way to delay the development of farsightedness due to old age?

●旋律[和声]の進行 melodic [harmonic] progression.

●共同研究の進行状態はまちまちだ. The joint research is in varying stages of progress.

●新興アフリカ諸国 the emergent countries of Africa.

●新講『平家物語』 a new paraphrase with commentary of Heike Monogatari.

●…と親交がある be on friendly [close, intimate] terms with…; enjoy the friendship of…; enjoy a close intimacy with…; be good friends with….

●親交を結ぶ contract [form] a (warm) friendship 《with…》; cultivate [strike (up)] friendship 《with…》; establish [form] an intimacy 《with…》

・親交を断つ break off relations 《with…》

・20 年来の親交を断つ break off a friendship of twenty years' standing

・親交を図る promote [develop] friendly [cordial] relations 《with…》

・…と親交を続ける maintain friendly relations with…

・親交を深める deepen a friendship.

come to ［reach］ maturity 成熟する

The sun ripened the grapes. 日光でブドウが成熟した.

●雨はイネの生熟に影響する. Rain affects the ripening of the rice [the degree of ripeness].

●成熟した ripe 《figs》.

●成熟を促(_うなが)す encourage ripening [《oranges》 to ripen].

●機運が成熟するのを待つ wait till the time is ripe; wait for a favorable opportunity [moment].

cotton ［hemp］ fiber 綿［麻］繊維

muscle fibers ［fiber］ 筋肉繊維［組織］

dietary fibers 食物繊維

●戦意がない have no fighting spirit; have no fight in one; have no stomach for a fight

・戦意が衰える[なえる] lose the will to fight; the fight goes out of sb; morale goes down; lose heart; 《口》 the stuffing goes out of sb.

●戦意を高揚させる raise morale [fighting spirit]; give 《the soldiers》 the will to fight

・戦意を示す show fight

・戦意を喪失する[失う] lose one's fighting spirit

・重ね重ねの敗北に兵士は戦意を失った. Repeated defeats took the fight out of the men.

●繊維から成る fibroid.

●繊維の多い fibrous.

●繊維芽細胞増殖因子 【生化】 (a) fibroblast growth factor (略: FGF).

●類線維腫 a fibroid (tumor).

●線維柱帯切開術 【医】 trabeculotomy

・線維柱帯網 【解】 trabecular meshwork.

make every effort to master English 英語をマスターしようとあらゆる努力をする

After all his efforts， he still failed to pass the examination. 努力したにもかかわらず， 彼は依然として試験にパスしなかった

Your efforts will be rewarded in the long run. 君の努力は結局報いられるだろう

I spare no effort to understand him. 彼を理解するためには努力を惜しまない.

despite one's best endeavors 最大限の努力にもかかわらず

marvel at his endeavor 彼の努力に驚く.

in spite of her exertions 彼女の努力にもかかわらず

use ［make］ exertion 努力する.

a feeble attempt 効果のない努力.

a stroke for freedom 自由を求める努力.

▲It was entirely due to her perseverance that the new library was built. 新しい図書館ができたのはまったく彼女の不屈の努力のたまものだった.

●人一倍努力する make extra special efforts

・地道に努力する put forth a steady effort 《to do》; plug away 《at sth》 persistently

・たゆまず努力する persevere in one's efforts; put forth unrelenting effort

・できるだけ努力する exert all possible efforts; do one's best [utmost]; exert oneself to the utmost; make utmost efforts; make a supreme effort; take the utmost pains; put forth every ounce of one's energy

・大いに努力する take great pains 《to do》

・…を得ようと努力する strive to obtain [attain] sth; strive [labor] for sth

・少しも努力しない make no effort whatsoever

・地域発展のために努力する strive for regional progress

・私は 1 等賞をとろうと努力した. I tried hard [made an effort] to win the first prize.

・努力した甲斐があった. My efforts were rewarded. | My efforts bore fruit.

・努力してまで友だちを増やそうとは思わない. I don't try to go out of my way to make more friends.

●血のにじむような努力 backbreaking [arduous, strenuous] effort

・その研究に注がれた努力 the effort that was poured into that research.

●努力が実を結ぶ effort bears fruit

・努力が認められる effort is recognized [acknowledged]

・努力が報われる effort is rewarded

・努力が成功で報われる crown one's labors with success

・彼はその努力が報われるのを見ずに死んだ. He did not live to see his labor rewarded.

・長年の努力が報われた. Her long years of hard work were rewarded.

・しかし, それにはかなりの努力がいる. But it takes some doing [quite a lot of effort].

●努力の結果[たまもの] the result [fruit] of effort

・彼女は涙ぐましい努力の結果 10 キロの減量に成功した. After much painful effort, she succeeded in losing 10 kilograms.

・努力の跡が見られる one can see evidence of 《great》 effort.

●…に努力を傾ける devote effort to…

・努力を払う[注ぐ] make [put forth, exert] 《some [a great deal of, a lot of]》 effort 《to do》

・努力を買う give sb credit for their effort

・…に努力を集中する concentrate [focus] one's effort on…

・最後の努力をする put forth a last burst of effort

・必死の努力をする make desperate efforts; strain every nerve

・努力を惜しむ be sparing of one's labor [pains]; do not bother to try hard

・努力を惜しまない spare no efforts

・非常な努力を費やす expend [spend] great effort 《on…, to do》; make a concerted effort 《to do》

・努力を怠る be remiss in one's efforts; slack off.

●無駄な努力はしたくない. I don't want to waste any effort.

●努力型の人 a person who has to work hard to succeed (in a task).

●今回の法案では, この制度は企業の努力義務でしかない. Under the current bill businesses are obligated only to make a sincere effort regarding this system.

●今年度の努力目標は経済成長率 2 パーセントである. The goal we are to strive for this fiscal year is economic growth of 2 percent.

・多くの駅で, バリアフリー化が努力目標とされている. In many train stations making everything barrier-free has been taken as a goal to work towards.

●第 2 四半期に内需が順調に伸びた. Domestic demand grew steadily in the second quarter.

●内需を拡大する expand [increase, boost] domestic demand.

Away with all worries. 悩みをみな捨てなさい

Her son's delicacy was a constant worry to her. 息子のひ弱さがいつも彼女の悩みの種だった.

He is a great trouble to me. 彼は私にとって大きな悩みの種だ

free oneself from trouble 悩みがなくなる

smile one's troubles away 笑って悩みを吹き飛ばす

unload one's troubles to a friend 友人に悩み事を打ち明ける.

▲be the despair of one's family 家族の悩みの種である

That child is a torment to us. あの子は私たちの悩みの種だ.

●人生の悩み the worries [troubles] of life

・生まれ出ずる悩み the agony of coming into the world [existence]

・心の悩み anguish of heart; mental affliction; a weight on one's mind

・青春の悩み the (nameless) longing of youth

・思春期の恋の悩み the torments of adolescent love

・子育ての悩み the worries of child rearing

・職場の人間関係の悩み the stresses and strains of interpersonal relationships in the workplace

・教師の悩み a thorn in the side of a teacher

・貧困の悩み the distress of poverty

・持てる者の悩み the burden of the “haves”

・ぜいたくな悩み a problem everyone wished they had

・仕事が大変だなんて, 失業中の私に言わせればぜいたくな悩みだ. Work is hard, you say? You're talking to one of the unemployed. I wish I had your problem.

・深刻な[切実な]悩み a serious [an urgent] worry

・人に言えない悩み an affliction one cannot disclose to anybody.

●悩み多き年ごろ a time of life filled with worries [problems]

・なんの悩みもない have no worries; be carefree

・近所づきあいの悩みからくるストレス stress arising from difficulties in getting along with neighbors.

●悩みがある have worries; be in pain [trouble, distress]

・あなたと話していたら悩みが解消しました. Talking to you has made my worries disappear.

・年じゅう悩みが尽きない. I've got nothing but worries all year long.

・新たな悩みが生まれた[生じた]. Then another [a new] headache came along.

●悩みに向き合う face a worry [difficulty] squarely [head on]

・そんなあなたの悩みにお答えします. To those of you who have suffered this way, here are the answers to (all) your worries.

●悩みの種 the source of trouble; a bane

・彼は家族にとっては悩みの種だ. He is a source of distress to the family.

・人間生きている限り悩みの種は尽きない. To be alive is to be afflicted with one sort of worry or another.

・悩みのない人生 a carefree life; a worry-free existence

・悩みの相談に乗る counsel sb about his troubles.

●人に悩みを打ち明ける reveal one's distress to another

・悩みを聞いてくれる友達 a friend who will listen to one's troubles

・悩みを軽減する lighten [soothe] one's troubled thoughts

・悩みを解決する resolve one's worry

・彼はいつも何かしら悩みを抱えている. He is always afflicted by some worry or other.

・甘美な調べに日ごろの悩みを忘れた. The sweet melody made me forget my troubles.

●悩みは…ということである. The trouble [difficulty] is that….

・これらの国々に共通の悩みは人口問題だ. The common problem afflicting these countries is population growth.

・この業界にとって最大の悩みはなかなか後継者が育たないことだ. The biggest concern for this industry is that a new generation of leaders has not emerged.

・悩みは一人で抱え込まないほうがいい. It's better not to keep your troubles all to yourself.

The rainbow arched over ［across］ the river. 川に虹がかかった

the hues of a rainbow 虹の色.

●七色の虹 a seven-colored rainbow.

●虹が空にかかっている. A rainbow is spanning [hanging in] the sky.

・その広い草原をまたいで虹がかかっていた. A rainbow spanned [stretched across] the broad, grass-covered plain.

・雨上がりの空に虹が出た. After the rain, a rainbow appeared [(was) formed] in the sky.

●虹の架け橋 a rainbow bridge; the arch of a rainbow.

●虹を追いかける follow [chase (after)] a rainbow

・虹をつかむ 〔夢をつかむ〕 reach [find the pot of gold at] the end of the rainbow.

●虹はまもなく消えた. The rainbow soon disappeared [faded away].

●第二次小泉内閣 the second Koizumi Cabinet. [⇒ だいにじ]

●二次の効果 【物】 the second order effects.

●二次遷移系列 a subsere.

●二次方程式の解の公式 the quadratic formula. <▲> x＝(-b±√(b²-4ac))/2a というもので, 読み方は x equals minus b plus or minus the square root of b squared minus four a c divided by [all over] two a.