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Wortforschung
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1 ἀγοστός
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: s. belowOrigin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: In Homer only in the formula ἕλε γαῖαν ἀγοστῳ̃, `with the hand (bent as a claw)'. For the suffix cf. semantically related παλαστή `flat hand, breadth of four fingers', Skt. hásta- `hand', NHG Faust, OCS grъstь `handfull' etc., s. Solmsen Wortforschung 1ff., Frisk Suff. -th- im Idg. 17. Solmsen proposed "collector" from *ἀγορ-στος, from ἀγείρω, cf. OCS grъstь; semantically not quite convincing.Page in Frisk: 1,14Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀγοστός
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2 ἀθέλγειν
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: ἀμέλγειν H., EM. ( ἐξ)αθέλγεται (Hp.), explained as παρίεται, διεκλύεται by Galen. Also ἀθέλγηται θηλάζεται η θλίβηται H., cf. Erotian. 20, 1 ἀθέλγηται Βακχεῖός φησι θηλάζεται η ἐπισπᾶται, καὶ ἐκθλὶβηται ὡς καὶ Νίκανδρος (see Hp., de med. off. 11).Other forms: Cf. ἀθέλβεται διηθεῖται (AB); ἀθελβεῖ ἕλκει H. and ἀθελβάζειν διηθεῖν H.; further ἀθέλδεται διηθεῖται (Diokl. Com. fr. 7 Kock, An. Bekk. 350).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: No etym. Verbs for `to press, draw off, filter'. See Fick BB 16, 287, 290; 18, 142, Solmsen Wortforschung 9 n.1. The variation β\/δ\/γ cannot be explained from an IE labio-velar; contamination leading to three forms is improbable. But Pre-Greek had also labio-velars, cf. βασιλεύς, Myc. qasireu; lastly Beekes Gl. 73, 1995\/6, 12f.Page in Frisk: 1,27Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀθέλγειν
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3 ἄμαλλα
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `sheaf' (Soph.)Compounds: ἀμαλλοδετήρ `binder of sheaves' (Il.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Considered as a derivation with -ι̯α from an l-stem, from the verb ἀμάομαι `gather'. For the formation one compares Lat. simul (Solmsen Wortforschung 193f.), but there is probably no connection with ἅμα (though the absence of aspiration may not be decisive); the formation is a little strange; cf. Chantr. Form. 252; words in - λλα may well be Pre-Greek. One might also think of ἀμάω `reap corn'. S. ἀμάομαι, 1. ἀμάω and ἄμη.Page in Frisk: 1,85Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄμαλλα
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4 ἀμάομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `draw (milk), gather' (Od.)Other forms: Act. ἀμάω only late.Derivatives: ἄμη `shovel' (Ar.), `hod' inscr., `water-bucket, pail' (Plu.; Lat. hama, Cato), `spade' (Gp.); prob. derived from the verb, not the other way round; from here ἁμίς f. `chamber-pot' (Hp.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Mostly connected with ἄμη, but even this seems not quite certain (Schulze Q. Ep. 365 n. 3 and Solmsen Beitr. 195 separate them). As the basic meaning of the verb and of ἄμη is unclear, the etym. is uncertain. - It has further been connected with ἀμνίον (q.v.) and ἄντλος (q.v.); also ἄμαλλα (q. v.) has been suggested; all uncertain (as ἄμαλλα means `sheaf', this can hardly be connected if ἀμάομαι is used primarily of water, liquids). Cf. Bechtel Lexil., Solmsen Wortforschung 180ff., WP. 2, 487, 489ff. - Connection with Skt. ámatram `vase' is also quite uncertain (unsatisfactory EWAia; words for vases mostly have no etym.). One has further connected Lith. semiù, sémti `scoop, ladle' with sámtis `ladle' (root * semH-); further Lat. sentīna `bilge-water' has been compared (s. ἄντλος). The meaning was no doubt originally technical, i.e. specific, so it should not (also) be connected with ἅμα.Page in Frisk: --Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀμάομαι
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5 ἀμάρα
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `trench, channel' (Il.). Cf. ἀμάρευμα· ἁθροίσματα βορβόρου H. and ἡ ἐν τοῖς κήποις ὑδρορόη, παρὰ τό ἅμα καί ἴσως καί ὁΏμαλῶς ῥεῖν, η οἷον ἁμαρόη τις οὖσα H.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: The Hesychius gloss is interesting as it gives a reconstruction for the supposed origin; *ἀμα-ρόη; the idea is incorrect, of course. - Connected with δι-, ἐξ-αμᾶν as meaning `dig out', ἄμη `shovel' (Schulze Q. 365f., Solmsen Wortforschung 194ff.). Crönert s. v. reminds of Cypr. ἀμιραφι. - Now considered cognate with Hitt. amii̯ar(a)- `canal': G. Neumann, Heth. u. luw. Sprachgut 91f, Laroche, BSL 51, XXXIII. (But the words have only am- in common.) Oriental loanword? But it could as well be a word from the Greek-Anatolian substratum. - Cf. also Alb. amë `river-bed, source' and river names like Amantia, Amana, Amara etc., Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforschung 4, 52f. Cf. Kuiper, Nowele 25, 1995, 73-5. This comparison is formally better than that with Hittite. - Cf. ἀμαρία.Page in Frisk: 1,86Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀμάρα
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6 ἀμάω 1
ἀμάω 1.Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `reap corn, cut, (mow down)' (Il.)Other forms: Homer often has long α-, no doubt m.c. (Chantr. Gr. hom. 111)Etymology: The etym. depends on the original meaning, which in this case is not quite clear: `mow', `cut', or even `scrape' ( δι-, s. DELG s.v.) - If connected with OHG māen, OE māwan `mow' we have a root * h₂meh₁-; ἄμητος could then be identical with MHG māt, OE mæd `reaping'. ἀμάω through assimilation of h₂...h₁ or a...e or late rebuilding of *amēie- (Peters 91 n. 41), or from ἀμ- \< * h₂mh₁- before vowel + - αω. Lat. meto could be connected as * h₂m-et-. Much more doubtful is Hitt. ḫamešḫ(a)- `summer, harvest-time'. See Bechtel Lex. - Not here ἄμη `shovel' acc. to Schulze Q. 365 A. 3; Solmsen Wortforschung 195 connects it with OCS jama `pit, quarry'; Morgenstierne Acta orientalia 7, 200 connects Pashto yūm `spade'; cf. Pok. 502 (but it is doubtful whether a PIE root * ieh₂m- is permissible). - The verb δι-αμάω is separated from ἀμάω `mow' by Irigoin, LfgrE. On ἄμαλλα `sheaf' and ἀμάρα `canal' s.v.Page in Frisk: 1,88Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀμάω 1
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7 ἀμείρω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `bereave' (Pi.)Compounds: ἀπαμείρω (ρ 322 v. l., Hes.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Solmsen KZ 29, 354 took the verb as an innovation for ἀμέρδω to ἀμέρσαι, ἀμερθῆναι. Cf. Leumann Hom. Wörter 162f. Doubted by Solmsen himself, Wortforschung 11 A. 1. A reconstruction *h₂mer-yō is perfectly possible. - Perhaps here ἀμέρδω.Page in Frisk: 1,91Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀμείρω
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8 βαγαῖος
Grammatical information: m.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: The gloss consists of two or more elements, s. Solmsen Wortforschung 139 n. 1. One thinks of OPers. baga- `god' (cf. βάγος). R. Schmitt, Sprache 9 (1963) 38-47 reads Βαλαῖος, but Heitsch ( Glotta 46 (1968) 74f.) returns to Βαγαῖος.Page in Frisk: 1,207Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βαγαῖος
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9 γράσος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `smell of a goat' (Ar.).Derivatives: γράσων `id.' (M. Ant.; cf. γνάθων beside γνάθος, Leumann Sprache 1 (1949) 207 n. 13), γρασωνία = γράσος (Archig. Med.).Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]X [probably] [probably]Etymology: γράσος would be a word for `he-goat' = from γράω `gnaw', s. v. On σο- Chantr. Form. 433ff., Schwyzer 516, Solmsen Wortforschung 232f.Page in Frisk: 1,324Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γράσος
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10 δάφνη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `laurel' (Od.).Other forms: Variants: λάφνη δάφνη. Περγαῖοι H. and δαύχνα (Thess., Cypr.) with Δαυχναῖος (Aetol.); also δαυχμός (Nic., H.; s. δαῦκος).Derivatives: δαφνίς `laurel' (Hp.; cf. κεδρίς and Chantr. Form. 343), δαφνών `laurel wood' (Str.), δαφνῖτις `Kassia of laurek etc.' (Dsc.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 70f.), - ίτης ( οἶνος, Gp.), surname of Apollon in Syracuse (H., EM). Adject.: δαφνώδης `laurel-like' (E.), δάφνινος `from laurel' (Thphr.), δαφνιακός (AP), δαφνήεις `rich in laurels' (Nonn.), δαφναῖος `belonging to the laurel' (Nonn.), also surname of Apollon (AP, Nonn.), Δαφναία surname of Artemis in Sparta (Paus.), also Δαφνία (Olympia, Str.). - Δάφνις m. PN, Δαφνοῦς ON.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Like the cognate Lat. laurus is δάφνη a Mediterranean word. "Die wechselnden Formen sind teils als Varianten der gebenden Sprache, teils als wechselnde Wiedergabe bei der Entlehnung verständlich." Frisk (which is true of most variants of Pre-Greek words), who continues "Solmsen Wortforschung 118 n. 1 und Bechtel Dial. 1, 205, Gött. Nachr. 1919, 343f. wollen δαύχνα, δαυχμός von δάφνη trennen und zu δαῦκος (s. d.) mit weiterem Anschluß an δαίω `anzünden' ziehen; kaum überzeugend." Several IE etymologies in W.-Hofmann s. laurus. - The word is typical for Pre-Greek, showing several variations. They can be explained by assuming * dakʷ-(n)-, which gave δαφ-ν- or δαυκ\/ χ-(ν\/μ)-; note that there is no *λαυφ-; cf. Beekes, Pre-Greek (B 1). Thus δαφν- and δαυκ\/ χ-ν\/μ- were one word.Page in Frisk: 1,353Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δάφνη
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11 εἴβω
εἴβω, - ομαιGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `drip, spill', Med. `trickle down' (Il.).Derivatives: Beside it (Itacismus or Ablaut?) ἰβάνη κάδος, ἀντλητήριον; ἴβανον κάδον, σταμνίον, χαλκίον with ἰβανεῖ (for -ᾳ̃?) ἀντλεῖ, and ἰβανατρίς ἱμητήριον H.; also ἴβδης `peg to let out the water' (Eust.), cf. Solmsen Wortforschung 67, Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 175 n. 1.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Cross of λείβω and ἰκμάς (s. v.) with *εἴκω? S. Güntert, Reimwortbildungen 148, Walleser WuS 14, 165f., Bq. Rather improbable guesses.Page in Frisk: 1,450-451Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > εἴβω
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12 ἔνδον
Grammatical information: adv.Meaning: `inside, at home' (Il.).Compounds: As 1. member e. g. in ἐνδο-μάχᾱς `fighting at home' (Pi.), ἐνδό-μυχος `who has his hiding place inside' (S.), - μενία, ἐνδουχία `furniture, movables' (Plb.; ἐνδυμενία Phryn., Pap.; after δύομαι `go inside'?).Derivatives: ἔνδο-θεν (like οἴκο-θεν etc..) `from inside, from the house' (Il.), ἔνδο-θι = ἔνδον (Hom.); on ἐνδοθίδιος s. below; ἐνδοσε (acc.?) = εἴσω (Keos), ἔνδω (Delph.; after ἔξω). Compar. and superl. ἐνδοτέρω (Hp., postclass.), - τάτω (postclass.); late ἐνδότερος, - τατος (VIp). - Through mixing with ἐντός arose ἐνδός (Dor.; cf. Kretschmer Glotta 27,11) with ἐνδοσθίδια pl. `intestines' (Epidaur.), with Cret. development ἐνδοθίδιος `living at home' (Gort.), ἐνδόσθια (LXX) = ἐντόσθια. After οἴκοι a. o. ἔνδοι (Lesb. Dor.; see Solmsen Wortforschung 114); on ἐνδάπιος s. v.; unclear ἐνδύλω ἔνδοθεν H. (like μικκύλος, δριμύλος? Baunack Phil. 70, 383). ἐνδινα s.v.Etymology: ἔνδον is identical with Hitt. andan `in it'; also anda `id.' = Lat. endo. Often explained as `in the house', from ἐν and an endingless locative of the root noun for `house' in δά-πεδον, δεσ-πότης, δόμ-ος (s. vv.); one adduces the expression Διὸς ἔνδον ἀγηγέρατο Υ 13, but the gen. can as well be elliptic; s. Vendryes MSL 15, 358ff. - Schwyzer 625f., Schwyzer-Debrunner 546f., Lejeune Les adv. en - θεν (s. index), Brugmann Grundr.2 2: 2, 723 w. n. 1. DELG rejects this view: it fits neither form nor meaning. Cf. Meid AAHG 1974, 54Page in Frisk: 1,511-512Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἔνδον
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13 κνῖσα
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `steam and odour of fat, smell and savour of burnt sacrifice, fat caul' (Il., Arist., hell.).Compounds: Compp., e. g. πολύ-κνισος `with rich smell of the sacrifice' (A. R.).Derivatives: κνισήεις (κ 10, Pi.), κνισωτός (A. Ch. 485), κνισηρός (Achae. 7) `smelling of fat', κνισώδης `id, fett' (Arist., Gal.), κνισαλέος (H.), κνισός (Ath. 3, 115e; = κνισήεις. Denomin. verbs: κνισάω `fill with the smell...' (E., Ar.), κνισόομαι, - όω `be changed into the smell..., give the smell...' (Arist., Ph.).Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably], PGX [probably a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Lat. nīdor m. `smell of roasted meat, vapour, smoke', which can come from * cnīdōs, makes for κνίση, from where secondarily κνῖσα (Solmsen Wortforschung 238), an s-stem based *κνῑδσ-ᾱ possible, from IE. * knīdos- n.; cf. on ἕρση. Close is OWNo. hniss n. `strong smell, bad taste in eating', IE. *knĭd-to-. As this without doubt belongs to hnītan `push against' (cf. Goth. stigqan `push' = OHG stincan `stink'), one assumes also for nīdor and κνῖσα a comparable origin, i.e. connection with κνίζω. As for κνί̄δη we have however for κνῖσα and nīdor to start from a longvovalic form. - From Celtic perh. here Ir. a. Welsh cnes `skin' (IE. *knĭd-tā; cf. OWNo. hniss; on the meaning Vendryes WuS 12, 243). - See Bq, Bechtel Lex. s. κνίση, W.-Hofmann s. nidor; s. also on - κναίω. - The long vowel is quite problematic for IE; is the word rather Pre-Greek?Page in Frisk: 1,885Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κνῖσα
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14 Ἥρα
Grammatical information: DNDialectal forms: Myc. E-raCompounds: As 1. member e. g. in ` Ηρα-κλέης, - κλῆς (Il.; on the explanation Kretschmer Glotta 8, 121ff.) with ` Ηρακληείη ( βίη; metr.; s. Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 31), -κλήϊος, - κλειος and ` Ηρακλείδης (Il.; on the metr. form Debrunner Άντίδωρον 38).Derivatives: ` Ηραῖος `belonging to H.' (IA); f. - αία, - άα place name (Arcadia VIa) with ` Ηραιεύς inhab. of Heraia; also Ε̄ρϜαο̄ιοι (El.); ` Ηρα(ι)ών month name (Tenos, Eretria).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Proper meaning unknown, so without etymology. The Cyprian and Arcadian forms without digamma, and also Att. Ἥρα against κόρη from *κορϜη, make El. Ε̄ρϜαο̄ιοι suspect. Therefore the connection with Lat. servāre etc., and ἥρως ("the Protectress, the Lord (fem.)"; Fick-Bechtel Personennamen 361, 440, Solmsen Wortforschung 81 m. n. 1), is quite improbable. New proposals: to IE *i̯ēr- `year' (s. ὥρα), either as "year-goddess" (Schröder Gymnasium 63, 60ff.) or as "the one year-old, i. e. young cow" (v. Windekens Glotta 36, 309ff.). As with most gods names Pre-Greek origin is most probable. See Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 427ff..Page in Frisk: 1,642Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Ἥρα
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15 ἀτενίζω
ἀτενίζω 1 aor. ἠτένισα (Hippocr. et al.) look intently at, stare at someth. or someone εἴς τι (Polyb. 6, 11, 5; BGU 1816, 25; Lucian, Charon 16; 3 Macc 2:26; TestSol 24:5; TestAbr B 8 p. 112, 19f [Stone p. 72]; TestReub 4:2; JosAs 8:8; 16:7 cod. A; ApcMos 33; Jos., Bell. 5, 517) Ac 1:10; 7:55; 2 Cor 3:7, 13; 1 Cl 7:4; 17:2; 36:2; GJs 3:1; 12:2 (varying w. ἀναστενάζω, cp. de Strycker 298). εἴς τινα (Diog. L. 6, 6, 61; Sext. Emp., Math. 1, 306 Pyrr. 1, 75) Ac 3:4; 6:15; 11:6; 13:9; 1 Cl 9:2; 19:2. πρὸς κυρίου GJs 13:1. W. dat. of pers. (PGM 4, 556; 711; JosAs 8:8) Lk 4:20; 22:56; Ac 3:5 D, 12; 10:4; 14:9; 23:1. Abs. (Herm. Wr. 13, 3) 3:3 D. AcPt Ox 849, 13. Without personal referent, in this instance Paul, AcPl Ox 6, 8f (=Aa I, 241, 13).—FSolmsen, Beiträge z. griech. Wortforschung I 1909, 22.—DELG s.v. τανυ-E. τείνω. M-M. TW. Spicq.
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